If you are importing inverters into Iraq, you will encounter a question that confuses many buyers: should you stock single-phase or split-phase inverters? The answer depends on your customer's electrical service and the appliances they need to run. Here is a clear explanation.
Single-Phase Power: The Iraqi Standard
Iraq's public grid is generally reported as single-phase 230V at 50 Hz for residential and small commercial service — one live wire at 230V relative to neutral. Service can vary by area and by property, so verify the actual service voltage on site or with the local utility before specifying. Single-phase is typically sufficient for:
- Lighting and small appliances
- Refrigerators and freezers
- Air conditioners up to about 2 kW (1 ton)
- Ceiling fans, TVs, routers
For these loads, first confirm the site's supply, running demand, startup surge and backup circuits. Select an inverter only after the exact model's written specification has been checked against those requirements.
Split-Phase Power: The North American Standard
Split-phase power (also called "split phase" or "120/240V") is common in North America and some regions that adopted North American electrical standards. It uses two live wires, each at 120V relative to neutral, but 240V between them. This allows:
- 120V circuits for standard outlets and small appliances
- 240V circuits for heavy loads (dryers, ovens, large AC units)
Split-phase is not the standard service in Iraq. However, some Iraqi customers may request split-phase inverters if they are importing North American appliances or serving sites where 120V is needed. Where a specific area is reported to differ (including parts of the Kurdistan Region), treat it as an exception and verify the actual service voltage before recommending equipment.
Three-Phase Power: For Commercial
Three-phase 400V (230V phase-to-neutral x 3) is used by commercial and industrial customers. This is different from split-phase and requires a dedicated three-phase inverter.
Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Single-Phase (230V) | Split-Phase (120/240V) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard in Iraq? | Generally the standard service | No (niche) |
| Voltage | 230V L-N | 120V L-N, 240V L-L |
| Frequency | 50 Hz | 60 Hz (typically) |
| Typical use | Homes, small shops | US-spec appliances; verify any regional exceptions |
| Inverter availability | Widely available | Specialty product |
| Price | Standard | Often higher (lower volume) |
When Would an Iraqi Customer Need Split-Phase?
There are a few scenarios where split-phase inverters make sense in Iraq:
1. Importing 120V appliances from the US
Some Iraqi customers buy appliances from the US (through Amazon, family abroad, or import). These appliances need 120V, which a split-phase inverter can provide on one leg.
2. Serving the Kurdistan market
Some areas of the Kurdistan Region are reported to have non-standard service characteristics due to historical influences. Because local conditions vary, always check the actual service voltage and frequency on site or with the local utility before recommending an inverter.
3. US-spec RVs, boats or mobile applications
Customers with US-spec recreational vehicles or boats may need split-phase inverters.
4. Export to other markets
Distributors who also serve markets in the Americas or regions with 120V standards may want split-phase inventory for export.
Which Should You Stock?
For the core Iraqi market: single-phase 230V is what the large majority of your customers need. This should be your primary inventory.
For the niche demand: customers who specifically need 120V output require a split-phase unit. Whether any SH-Inverter model is offered in a split-phase version, and its exact ratings, must be verified against the specific model's written datasheet before quotation or order. Do not assume a model number from memory — ask SH Energy for the current written specification and confirm the site's voltage, frequency and phase configuration first.
Confirm the site's supply and every connected appliance's rated voltage and frequency before selecting equipment. Single-phase and split-phase labels alone do not establish suitability; verify the inverter's actual output configuration and wiring requirements with its manufacturer and a qualified local installer.
Common Mistake: Frequency Mismatch
Confirm that the inverter output frequency matches the requirements of the connected equipment. Do not assume a 50 Hz appliance is suitable for 60 Hz, or vice versa. Use the appliance nameplate and manufacturer instructions; any permitted voltage or frequency range must be verified for that device.
Bottom Line
For the Iraqi market, single-phase 230V at 50 Hz is generally the standard service. Stock single-phase as your core product. Keep split-phase as a specialty item for the small number of customers who need 120V output. When in doubt, ask the customer what voltage their appliances are rated for and verify the service on site.
Contact SH Energy for inverter specifications and stocking recommendations.
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