If you are importing inverters into Iraq, you will encounter a question that confuses many buyers: should you stock single-phase or split-phase inverters? The answer depends on your customer's electrical service and the appliances they need to run. Here is a clear explanation.
Single-Phase Power: The Iraqi Standard
Most Iraqi homes and small shops have single-phase 230V service. This means one live wire at 230V relative to neutral, at 50 Hz. It is the standard throughout Iraq and most of the Middle East. Single-phase is sufficient for:
- Lighting and small appliances
- Refrigerators and freezers
- Air conditioners up to about 2 kW (1 ton)
- Ceiling fans, TVs, routers
For these loads, a single-phase hybrid inverter like the SH-Inverter 6K-S or 8K-S is the right choice.
Split-Phase Power: The North American Standard
Split-phase power (also called "split phase" or "120/240V") is common in North America and some regions that adopted North American electrical standards. It uses two live wires, each at 120V relative to neutral, but 240V between them. This allows:
- 120V circuits for standard outlets and small appliances
- 240V circuits for heavy loads (dryers, ovens, large AC units)
Split-phase is NOT standard in Iraq. However, some Iraqi customers may request split-phase inverters if they are importing North American appliances or serving markets where 120V is needed (e.g., some parts of Kurdistan, or customers who buy US-spec equipment).
Three-Phase Power: For Commercial
Three-phase 400V (230V phase-to-neutral x 3) is used by commercial and industrial customers. This is different from split-phase and requires a dedicated three-phase inverter. For more on this, see our article on three-phase solar backup for Iraqi businesses.
Side-by-Side Comparison
| Feature | Single-Phase (230V) | Split-Phase (120/240V) |
|---|---|---|
| Standard in Iraq? | Yes | No (niche) |
| Voltage | 230V L-N | 120V L-N, 240V L-L |
| Frequency | 50 Hz | 60 Hz (typically) |
| Typical use | Homes, small shops | US-spec appliances, some Kurdistan |
| Inverter availability | Widely available | Specialty product |
| Price | Standard | Often higher (lower volume) |
When Would an Iraqi Customer Need Split-Phase?
There are a few scenarios where split-phase inverters make sense in Iraq:
1. Importing 120V appliances from the US
Some Iraqi customers buy appliances from the US (through Amazon, family abroad, or import). These appliances need 120V, which a split-phase inverter can provide on one leg.
2. Serving the Kurdistan market
Some areas of Kurdistan have mixed electrical standards due to historical influences. Check the local service voltage before recommending an inverter.
3. US-spec RVs, boats or mobile applications
Customers with US-spec recreational vehicles or boats may need split-phase inverters.
4. Export to other markets
Distributors who also serve markets in the Americas or regions with 120V standards may want split-phase inventory for export.
Which Should You Stock?
For the core Iraqi market: single-phase 230V is what 90%+ of your customers need. This should be your primary inventory.
For the niche demand: keep a small quantity of split-phase inverters for customers who specifically need 120V output. The SH-Inverter split-phase series (10K-SP and 12K-SP) covers this need.
Rule of thumb: if the customer does not specifically ask for split-phase or 120V, they need single-phase. Never assume split-phase — it will not work with standard 230V Iraqi appliances.
Common Mistake: Frequency Mismatch
Split-phase inverters designed for the North American market often run at 60 Hz. Iraqi appliances are designed for 50 Hz. Running a 50 Hz appliance on 60 Hz is usually safe (motors run slightly faster), but running a 60 Hz appliance on 50 Hz can cause overheating and failure. Make sure the inverter frequency matches the appliance requirement.
Bottom Line
For the Iraqi market, single-phase 230V at 50 Hz is the standard. Stock single-phase as your core product. Keep split-phase as a specialty item for the small number of customers who need 120V output. When in doubt, ask the customer what voltage their appliances are rated for.
Contact SH Energy for inverter specifications and stocking recommendations.
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